No, beta decay does not violate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy at same time. This is due to the measuring act of one property of a particle to affects the other property.
In beta decay, an electron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom. The electron is not emitted from a specific point in the nucleus, rather than from a region of space around the nucleus. Which is due to the electron's wavefunction extends into the nucleus. The uncertainty principle tells us it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of the electron with perfect accuracy. This means it is impossible to know exactly when or where the electron will be emitted from the nucleus.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle does not violate the laws of physics. Instead, it simply tells us that there are limits to know about the behavior of subatomic particles.