Unit 17: Principle of Modern Chemical Manufacture
Science is the systematic study and verified knowledge gained through observation experimentation regarding pre-existing phenomenon or new findings in relation on the physical or material word, Science deals with basic and fundamental principles of underlying natural activities, their principles, mechanism and undergoing phenomena.
Science and technology should empower the economic development and social transformation maintaining quality of life, achieving good governance. The most important aspect of science and technology is the innovation of new materials, services and goods for commercial production and human welfare.
Manufacture of ammonia by Haber's process:
In 1909, Fritz Haber, a German chemist, developed a technique to make hydrogen (H₂) and nitrogen (N₂) combine directly in laboratory and Carl Bosch, a German chemist and engineer, developed plant ammonia using Haber's reaction on industrial scale. In honour of both Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the manufacturing process of ammonia is recognized as Haber-Bosch process. Fritz Haber was awarded Nobel Prize in 1918 and Carl Bosch was awarded Nobel Prize in 1931 for chemistry discipline.
Principle:
Ammonia is manufacture in large scale by heating mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen in the ratio 1:3 by volume in presence of finely divided iron as catalyst and molybdenum as promoter at about 450°C-500°C and 200-900 atmospheric pressure.
